American psychologist Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s developed the theory now known as cognitive model

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Depression (depression) also known as depressive mood disorders (major depressive disorder). Is a kind of sorrow, sadness, depression, and other unpleasant emotions out of balance comprehensive out of balance psychological state made almost become a common feature of all mental illnesses. Its cause is an imbalance of chemicals in the brain. Many factors could cause melancholy mood, but "depression" When this feeling, it is due to the secretion of the brain chemical changes caused.
Functioning of the brain is like a huge message transmission center, control all of your physiology, including heart rate, exercise and emotions. The brain is composed of millions of nerve cells composed, they "nerve conduction substance" of brain chemicals called through, is responsible for receiving and sending parts of the body to send the message. The amount of chemicals in the brain affects our emotional state, when the message should be sent transmitted out of balance chemicals in the brain cells of a problem, there will be feelings of depression when poor communication. Depression is a variety of psychological disorders in one of the highest incidence, according to research psychologist in the general population, about 25% of women and 10% of men have experienced the pain of depression. World Health Organization study in 2020 causing human disability (disability) top ten diseases, the first is depression. Also, according to a Harvard study, the burden of disease caused by the human society out of balance as a whole (Global burden of Disease) in the top ten of the disease, the second also depression. Distribution of patients according to the World Health Organization estimates, the world got the point prevalence of depression was 3%, if accessed by the 2002 Department of Health, Bureau of National Health Survey in Taiwan more than twenty thousand out of balance of samples and found that people aged 15 and above 8.9 % had moderate or severe depression, 5.2% had severe depression (3% higher than the WHO estimate); 8.4 per cent over 65 years of severe depression, followed by 15-17 years 6.8% of severe depression, out of balance melancholy estimated population of over one million. Among women 10.9%, men 6.9% was 1.8 times. However, the low rate of depression out of balance treatment, out of balance only 2.3%. Doctors classify types of depression causes symptoms of depression for viewing include: continuing frustration, irritability or emotional stress of daily life activities and hobbies of interest to reduce the spiritual malaise, even if there is no activity or change in appetite, feeling out of balance tired, substantial weight loss changes in sleep habits out of balance or increase, including: difficulty falling asleep, waking in the morning easy, drowsiness, or do not feel restless mobility impaired decision-making ability and attention to feel worthless, hopeless or evil thoughts of suicide or death wants bipolar disorder postpartum depression Depression and bipolar disorder are different from depression, symptoms usually occur after the child was born about one to two weeks to two years. Another form of depression is seasonal affective disorder, may have originated in the coming of winter out of balance and may have relations with the lack of sunlight. Degree classification adjustment disorder and depression due to significant external pressure events, the emergence of a brief period of depression, usually no more than six months, and the symptoms less severe. Lightweight depression due to character relationships, not long-term adaptation to environmental stress, and has been in a depressed state, although not resulting in impaired out of balance ability out of balance to work, but it will seriously affect the quality of life. Usually over the course of two years, sometimes to the extent of the symptoms will worsen severe depression. Severe depression due to significant external pressure events, or familial out of balance genetic constitution, leading to severe depressive symptoms and cause significant dysfunction, such as unable to work, back and so on. Patients often have cognitive action slow retreat, severe suicidal ideation and tendencies, all day depressed, did not want to move, unwilling to speak, and even worse, it will hallucinations and delusions and other psychotic symptoms. In its course in some patients, there will be manic state, and become manic patients. Organic depression due to physical illness or drugs directly cause depression.
Scientists study the causes of depression, and found that it is an illness caused by a multi-factor. Bio - psycho - social model suggests that biological factors, psychological factors, social factors in the development of depressive disorders have played a certain role. Quality out of balance - stress model of depression is considered a predisposition or susceptibility to existing activated life stress events. Such qualities can be genetic, out of balance that innate and acquired interactions can also be a icon childhood cognitive acquisition mode. These interactive mode supported by the experimental data. For example, New Zealand researchers used a group of normal forecasting out of balance method longitudinal study concluded that 5 - Variation of serotonin transporter gene effects occur when people experience stressful events the probability of depression. In particular, depression is more likely to occur in one or two 5 - serotonin transporter short allele of the human body. A Swedish study estimated the genetic risk of depression for women is about 40%, about 30% of men, psychologists believe that the evolution of the genetic basis of deep depression in the history of natural selection.
5 - serotonin is thought to regulate other neurotransmitter systems, 5 - serotonin can cause these systems to reduce the imbalance in the state. According permissive hypothesis (permissive hypothesis), when 5 - while lowering out of balance serotonin levels may cause to lower norepinephrine levels, resulting in depression. Some antidepressants directly increase norepinephrine levels, a number of other drugs raise dopamine - another monoamine neurotransmitter levels. These observations to the hypothesis that monoamine neurotransmitter great support. Monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis assuming out of balance a neurotransmitter corresponding reduction in some symptoms of depression: "Norepinephrine may also alert and energy related out of balance anxiety, attention, interest on life; 5 - Serotonin corresponding anxiety, obsessions, compulsions; dopamine corresponding attention, motivation, out of balance pleasure and reward, but also about life and interests, out of balance "this out of balance theory is recommended for the most prominent symptom choose an antidepressant. Patient anxiety and irritable should choose out of balance selective 5 - serotonin reuptake inhibitors, feel the energy loss and life uninteresting to select patients should be able to increase the dopamine and norepinephrine levels of the drug.
In the past 20 years, further research out of balance shows that some restrictions monoamine neurotransmitter hypothesis, it lacks adequate out of balance explanation to make it in the field of psychiatry has been criticized. In-depth study failed to find convincing evidence out of balance to prove a particular dysfunction corresponds to one specific monoamine neurotransmitters. It has long been known tianeptine and opipramol have an antidepressant effect, but before a drug belonging to the recovery out of balance of monoamine neurotransmitter enhancer which has no effect on monoamine neurotransmitter systems. Aimed at reducing drug monoamine neurotransmitters experiments showed that this reduction did not cause depression in healthy people, there is no deterioration of the patient's symptoms, though undamaged monoamine neurotransmitter systems to achieve therapeutic antidepressant the effect is necessary.
Many aspects of personality and personality out of balance development resulted in the onset of depression and ongoing. Although there are direct links between out of balance depressive episodes and stressful events, coping styles influenced by personal character may be related to their recovery. Low self-esteem and low self-esteem or depression may distort understanding about. Depression is less likely to occur in people who believe in religion and easier to remove. What factors affect depression or depression is not clear, but patients are usually out of balance corrected mood and self-esteem will improve after their mode of thinking. out of balance
American psychologist Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s developed the theory now known as cognitive model of depression. He advocated the cause of depression three concepts: cognitive triple mode - about themselves, about the world around them, their negative perception about the future; repeated negative cognitive models or drawings; Information Processing distorted. According to these principles, he developed a systematic approach to treatment - cognitive behavioral therapy. American psychologist Martin Seligman, human-like Learned Helplessness depressive out of balance symptoms out of balance and laboratory animals, according to.
Because patients often blame themselves for negative events, corresponding yes, a study of adolescents hospitalized because of depression showed a positive result even though things they are not satisfied. out of balance This tendency shows the typical qualities of depression or pessimism. According to the Canadian Mental - social learning theory social psychologist Albert Bandura, based on the experience of failure, the failure to observe out of balance the social model, lack of social support and their own physical and emotional states (including tension and stress) depressed individuals have their own negative perceptions. This has resulted in lack of negative self-concept and self-efficacy, that patients do not believe they can have an impact on things or achieve out of balance their goals.
A survey of women's psychological depression risk factors - such as the early loss of his mother, the lack of a trusted relationship, responsible for looking after younger children out of balance and unemployment can affect each other and life stressors increase the risk of depression. For the elderly, predisposing factors are often health issues with their children or spouse switch roles (to be changed by the caregiver caregiver), the death of an important partner, because social change in the relationship between out of balance the health problems caused by a friend and so on.
Psychoanalysis, existential psychology, humanistic psychology have theories about the nature of depression. According to the Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud's classical out of balance psychoanalytic theory, depression &