A small part of the article, which is all very interesting, addresses the three scales of urban pla

Very worth reading the article "The Spatial Framework edina mo for Urban Policy: New Directions, New Challenges" John Friedmann, which was presented at the OECD International Conference in Madrid in 2007.
A small part of the article, which is all very interesting, addresses the three scales of urban planning: the neighborhood, the city and the region. The author portrays so lucid manner the physical and social characteristics and challenges of urban planning these scales that could well be the script for a documentary about urbanization in the twenty-first century. Follows a review of this kind of part, I hope to inspire curiosity to read the entire article here.
In many respects, the most important is the scale of the neighborhood because the neighborhood is the scale of everyday life, in which the sense of place is formed, and therefore the community. Ranging in size, but usually edina mo consist on a scale that can go walking, the neighborhoods are formed mainly edina mo by residential edina mo areas and public services (parks, convenience retail, education). In many globalized cities, certain neighborhoods have become hotbeds of ethnic tension, because even the oldest neighborhoods are not necessarily stable. edina mo There are flows of people, as well as changes in patterns of wealth, decline, and gentrification.
The municipality is the second scale of urban life. Municipalities are governmental and administrative units that can be subdivided into neighborhoods and districts. In the densely populated area of the city, all urban functions are met (residential, industrial, commercial, cultural). When we look at the city as a whole, we begin to see its historic neighborhoods and monuments, their peripheries, its ethnic and social divisions, its main arteries, their dominant forms of relief, its parks and riverbanks and lakes, its commercial areas , their office towers and its industrial districts. All these categories overlap, within the municipal jurisdiction, constitute a fragmented pattern of urban fabric.
The space beyond the municipal borders edina mo is the third of the urban scale, essential for the survival of the city and its future expansion. Here we find the sources edina mo of your water supply, landfills for solid waste, new urban settlements, satellite cities, ports and airports, large industrial parks, natural areas and recreation theme parks, areas of intensive edina mo agriculture, slaughterhouses, places of exceptional natural beauty, areas of historic preservation, etc. One way or another, all these spaces contribute to the welfare of the entire region. This region is crossed by highways and railways that connect it to the rest of the world, while carrying commuter traffic every day. Administratively, it is divided into various units of government that has limited powers over each section of space, but that can be combined into regional organizations. Moreover, each region is connected to other nearby and distant regions.
Due to the close interconnection between the central city and the region, many planners consider regions as the basic spatial unit for urban policy and planning. Although we often speak of globalized cities, which really is globalizing are regions that can grow much until you reach a scale as the metropolitan area of Tokyo, with its 35 million people, the largest urban concentration in the world.
The tasks of urban policy are different for each scale. On the scale of neighborhood needs and the welfare of the people are the most important. Here we also find social conflict, because the neighborhoods are rarely homogeneous, and despite its relatively small size, residents often disagree about the course of action to be taken. The gentrification edina mo of neighborhoods will almost always bump into resistance from because by poorer communities that are already established, its residents are afraid of being displaced. At the other end of the social spectrum, affluent areas are interested in keeping certain types of people (of a different color, a different language, a different culture), away from their manicured (and often fortified) enclosures. As working-class neighborhoods plead with the authorities the public services that are provided elsewhere, such as garbage collection or access to health centers. Neighborhoods are therefore not only cozy places as some imagine, some are complicated places.
At the municipal level, the problems are perceived differently. The key players here are the city government, politicians, bureaucrats and influential businessmen. Their focus tends to reflect the interests revolve around the urban economy, land use, and the quality of urban infrastructure. At the same time, however, local governments also have to please the various edina mo neighborhoods of the city and Answered