Monday, August 11, 2014

The current phase reveals scal a major obstacle for the reproduction of capital in industrialized c

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The current phase reveals scal a major obstacle for the reproduction of capital in industrialized countries, where almost 70% of world GDP has lackluster growth rate under the effect of the global capitalist crisis of 2008 All of this occurs in spite of most of these countries practice exchange scal basic interest rate below 1% per year and these states have spent trillions of dollars in saving banks and major industries. Economic growth now occurs in China, parents of late capitalist restoration, thanks to the shift of industries from the USA, Europe and Japan in search of lower costs, the result of poor working conditions, allowed by that dictatorship. scal In this context it is important to remember the debate about the possibilities of development for all countries, since the nineteenth century.
The debate over this possibility was placed at the beginning scal of the nineteenth century, the German economist Friedrich List (1789-1846), author of the National scal System of Political Economy. At this point, List claimed that countries industrializing then took the stairs so that other new they could not get to the same place. scal When thinking steps for a country to industrialize, List fighting the principle of comparative advantages scal theory, formulated by David Ricardo in 1817, where each country should specialize in producing scal certain goods, which were more competitive. For liberal theorists following this principle all countries would come to achieve scal development, or producing agricultural goods and industrial goods.
The Treaty of Methuen in 1703 from England to Portugal, illustrated this movement. In it, Britain would produce industrial goods (tissues), while Portugal produce wines. The result of this we already know. Portugal scal remained as an agricultural country and England became the great workshop of the world, which did not improve its maintenance of its global hegemony. This fact will influence the course of capitalist development in Brazil, as the metropolis itself had renounced scal any possibility of industrial development. Compounding this in 1808, Brazil scal made the opening of the ports to friendly nations, namely England, making room for the English capital. Even Portugal being a national independent state was entirely subjected to the international division of labor proposed by England and in turn submitted to the fundamentals that served to consolidate the Industrial Revolution in England and at the same time maintaining an economic and financial dependence on England.
For List, the fact that the United States not respecting this assumption, during its initial phase, this would allow parents to have a future different from the others. This act of taking the stairs to the other countries can be practiced in several ways. The first is that the colonial countries played an important role in the process of capital accumulation in England through the colonial system, where the colonies had the function of production of raw materials and cheap goods and livelihoods while being importers of industrial scal goods from the metropolis . In Brazil there was even a ban of assembling small manufacturers.
The second way is the defense of economic liberalism for other countries as a reference for international trade, now that the productivity differs between countries takes the competitiveness of developing countries. Current industrial countries when they began their respective industrialization were protectionists scal had great support from their national states via manipulation of public debt and the use of the Colonial System. scal The third is that the imperialist phase, when large potential sought new areas of the world market the main action was the territorial expansion of colonial rule in the late nineteenth century and the beginning of the great wars for the division of the world, since the formation of large monopolies, with high production scales demanded new territories. The fourth is financial domination, both by private financial institutions as multilateral financial institutions: IMF and World Bank, which serve to subordinate the underdeveloped scal countries to imperialist interests.


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